Car Automotive

Archive for November, 2009

At this stage it is important to emphasize the need to be methodical. A simple,but effective approach to diagnostic work is known as the ‘six-steps’ approach.This six-step approach may be recognized as an organized approach to problem solving, in general. As quoted here it may be seen that certain steps are recursive.
That is to say that it may be necessary to refer back to previous steps as one proceeds to a solution. Nevertheless, it does provide a proven method of ensuring that vital steps are not omitted in the fault tracing and rectification process. The six steps are:

• collect evidence
• analyze evidence
• locate the fault
• find the cause of the fault and remedy it
• rectify the fault
• test the system to verify that repair is correct

Collecting evidence means looking for all the symptoms that relate to the fault and not jumping to conclusions, e.g. because the system is controlled by an ECU it must be the ECU that is at fault. In order to collect the evidence it is necessary to know  which components on the vehicle actually form part of the faulty system. This is where sound basic skills comes in. If an engine control system is malfunctioning because one cylinder has poor compression it is important to discover this at an early stage of the diagnostic process.

Those readers with experience of working on different makes of vehicles will know that the range of differences that are to be foundwithin computer controlled systems makes it virtually impossible to cover all different systems in one volume.Changes in computing technology and electronics occur frequently and this means that the design of computer controlled systems on vehicles also changes quite frequently as new designs incorporate the new technology.

This means that data and information is frequently updated and it is a major task to keep abreast of these changes. Technicians in franchised dealerships are normally notified of changes and, with modern technology, this updating can be done rapidly. In the case of the general garage workshop, technicians will probably have to rely on data and information from specialized companies.

An updating and information back-up service is offered by companies such as Robert Bosch Ltd and Lucas Aftermarket Operations etc. Whatever the case, it is essential that the information that relates exactly to the system that is being worked on should be readily to hand and that all procedures are properly understood before work commences.

The engine systems that are surveyed are those that are most commonly used,namely ignition and fuelling, plus emission control. A major purpose of these system surveys is to identify common ground in order to focus on the components of the systems that can realistically be tested with the aid of reasonably priced tools, rather than the more exotic systems that require specialized test equipment.

By examining three ignition systems it should be possible to pick out certain elements that are commonly used. In the process of examining a number of other systems we shall see that certain basic principles are common to several types of systems that are used on vehicles. In effect, there is a good deal of knowledge that can be transferred across a considerable range of technology.

Electronic ignition systems make use of some form of electrical/electronic device to produce the electrical pulse that switches the ignition coil primary current ‘on and off ’, so that a high voltage is induced in the coil secondary winding in order to produce a spark in the required cylinder at the correct time.There are several methods of producing the basic ‘triggering’ pulse for the ignition, but three of these methods are more widely used than the others. It is the ignition systems that are based on the use of these three methods that are now dealt with in some detail.

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